A Blended Satellite–In Situ Near–Global Surface Temperature Dataset

2000 ◽  
Vol 81 (9) ◽  
pp. 2157-2164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas C. Peterson ◽  
Alan N. Basist ◽  
Claude N. Williams ◽  
Norman C. Grody
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Global Surface Temperature ◽  
Global Surface

scholarly journals Improved Global Surface Temperature Simulation using Stratospheric Ozone Forcing with More Accurate Variability

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Xie ◽  
Jianping Li ◽  
Cheng Sun ◽  
Ruiqiang Ding ◽  
Nan Xing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Stratospheric Ozone ◽  
Global Surface Temperature ◽  
Global Surface

scholarly journals Updated Temperature Data Give a Sharper View of Climate Trends

Eos ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huai-Min Zhang ◽  
Jay Lawrimore ◽  
Boyin Huang ◽  
Matthew Menne ◽  
Xungang Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
Climate Trends ◽  
Historical Changes ◽  
Global Surface Temperature ◽  
Global Surface

The latest version of NOAA’s Global Surface Temperature Dataset improves coverage over land and sea and improves the treatment of historical changes in observational practices.

scholarly journals Global Hydrological Cycle Response to Rapid and Slow Global Warming

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (22) ◽  
pp. 8781-8786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa Back ◽  
Karen Russ ◽  
Zhengyu Liu ◽  
Kuniaki Inoue ◽  
Jiaxu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Global Surface Temperature ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Precipitation Changes ◽  
Global Surface ◽  
Global Mean ◽  
Global Water

Abstract This study analyzes the response of global water vapor to global warming in a series of fully coupled climate model simulations. The authors find that a roughly 7% K−1 rate of increase of water vapor with global surface temperature is robust only for rapid anthropogenic-like climate change. For slower warming that occurred naturally in the past, the Southern Ocean has time to equilibrate, producing a different pattern of surface warming, so that water vapor increases at only 4.2% K−1. This lower rate of increase of water vapor with warming is not due to relative humidity changes or differences in mean lower-tropospheric temperature. A temperature of over 80°C would be required in the Clausius–Clapeyron relationship to match the 4.2% K−1 rate of increase. Instead, the low rate of increase is due to spatially heterogeneous warming. During slower global warming, there is enhanced warming at southern high latitudes, and hence less warming in the tropics per kelvin of global surface temperature increase. This leads to a smaller global water vapor increase, because most of the atmospheric water vapor is in the tropics. A formula is proposed that applies to general warming scenarios. This study also examines the response of global-mean precipitation and the meridional profile of precipitation minus evaporation and compares the latter to thermodynamic scalings. It is found that global-mean precipitation changes are remarkably robust between rapid and slow warming. Thermodynamic scalings for the rapid- and slow-warming zonal-mean precipitation are similar, but the precipitation changes are significantly different, suggesting that circulation changes are important in driving these differences.

scholarly journals Pacific sea level rise patterns and global surface temperature variability

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (16) ◽  
pp. 8662-8669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl E. Peyser ◽  
Jianjun Yin ◽  
Felix W. Landerer ◽  
Julia E. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Temperature Variability ◽  
Global Surface Temperature ◽  
Global Surface

scholarly journals The regulation of the air: a hypothesis

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 769-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. G. Nisbet ◽  
C. M. R. Fowler ◽  
R. E. R. Nisbet
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Natural Selection ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Bisphosphate Carboxylase ◽  
Global Surface Temperature ◽  
Global Surface ◽  
Evolution Of Photosynthesis

Abstract. We propose the hypothesis that natural selection, acting on the specificity of rubisco (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase) for carbon dioxide over oxygen, has controlled the CO2:O2 ratio of the atmosphere since the evolution of photosynthesis and has also sustained the Earth's greenhouse-set surface temperature. Rubisco works in partnership with the nitrogen-fixing enzyme nitrogenase to control atmospheric pressure. Together, these two enzymes control global surface temperature and indirectly the pH and oxygenation of the ocean. Thus, the co-evolution of these two enzymes may have produced clement conditions on the Earth's surface, allowing life to be sustained.

scholarly journals COSMIC-RAY-DRIVEN REACTION AND GREENHOUSE EFFECT OF HALOGENATED MOLECULES: CULPRITS FOR ATMOSPHERIC OZONE DEPLETION AND GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (17) ◽  
pp. 1350073 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q.-B. LU
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Greenhouse Effect ◽  
Ozone Depletion ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Atmospheric Ozone ◽  
Global Surface Temperature ◽  
Global Surface

This study is focused on the effects of cosmic rays (solar activity) and halogen-containing molecules (mainly chlorofluorocarbons — CFCs) on atmospheric ozone depletion and global climate change. Brief reviews are first given on the cosmic-ray-driven electron-induced-reaction (CRE) theory for O 3 depletion and the warming theory of halogenated molecules for climate change. Then natural and anthropogenic contributions to these phenomena are examined in detail and separated well through in-depth statistical analyses of comprehensive measured datasets of quantities, including cosmic rays (CRs), total solar irradiance, sunspot number, halogenated gases (CFCs, CCl 4 and HCFCs), CO 2, total O 3, lower stratospheric temperatures and global surface temperatures. For O 3 depletion, it is shown that an analytical equation derived from the CRE theory reproduces well 11-year cyclic variations of both polar O 3 loss and stratospheric cooling, and new statistical analyses of the CRE equation with observed data of total O 3 and stratospheric temperature give high linear correlation coefficients ≥ 0.92. After the removal of the CR effect, a pronounced recovery by 20 ~ 25 % of the Antarctic O 3 hole is found, while no recovery of O 3 loss in mid-latitudes has been observed. These results show both the correctness and dominance of the CRE mechanism and the success of the Montreal Protocol. For global climate change, in-depth analyses of the observed data clearly show that the solar effect and human-made halogenated gases played the dominant role in Earth's climate change prior to and after 1970, respectively. Remarkably, a statistical analysis gives a nearly zero correlation coefficient (R = -0.05) between corrected global surface temperature data by removing the solar effect and CO 2 concentration during 1850–1970. In striking contrast, a nearly perfect linear correlation with coefficients as high as 0.96–0.97 is found between corrected or uncorrected global surface temperature and total amount of stratospheric halogenated gases during 1970–2012. Furthermore, a new theoretical calculation on the greenhouse effect of halogenated gases shows that they (mainly CFCs) could alone result in the global surface temperature rise of ~0.6°C in 1970–2002. These results provide solid evidence that recent global warming was indeed caused by the greenhouse effect of anthropogenic halogenated gases. Thus, a slow reversal of global temperature to the 1950 value is predicted for coming 5 ~ 7 decades. It is also expected that the global sea level will continue to rise in coming 1 ~ 2 decades until the effect of the global temperature recovery dominates over that of the polar O 3 hole recovery; after that, both will drop concurrently. All the observed, analytical and theoretical results presented lead to a convincing conclusion that both the CRE mechanism and the CFC-warming mechanism not only provide new fundamental understandings of the O 3 hole and global climate change but have superior predictive capabilities, compared with the conventional models.

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